Origins and early development
Hardcore punk originated in the late 1970s. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California and it was also inspired by Washington, D.C., and New York punk and early proto-punk. It arose as a reaction against the prevailing hippie cultural climate of the time and sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Boston, and New York.
Evolution or diversification
Hardcore spawned movements such as straight edge and its associated sub-movements hardline and youth crew. The genre was heavily involved in the rise of independent record labels in the 1980s and with DIY ethics. Notable hardcore scenes also developed in Canada, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Brazil, and the genre influenced other genres including grunge and thrash metal.
Cultural or musical significance
Hardcore punk is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock and generally eschews commercialism and the established music industry. It often addresses social and political topics with confrontational, politically charged lyrics. Musically it emphasized speed and rhythmic intensity over melody, used the traditional singer/guitar/bass/drum format, and favored louder higher-volume performances with unpredictable song forms and abrupt tempo changes.
